EARLY INTERVENTION AFTER EXPOSURE TO SARS-CoV-2

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MED-US--2501061 v1 12/25

Could reduce the likelihood of developing acute COVID-191,2 and may

PREVENT

long COVID3,4

REDUCE

its impact on underlying
conditions5-9

LIMIT

incidence and outbreaks in
closed settings2

DID YOU KNOW?

Long COVID affected almost 1 in 3 people after SARS-CoV-2 infection in the U.S. in a meta-analysis of 19 studies10

Patients with COVID-19 may experience exacerbation of pre-existing underlying conditions5-9,11-13

Up to 47% of household contacts experienced a secondary SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Omicron era14-16

Explore the impact of COVID-19 on patients

Adults with multiple comorbidities

Immuno-compromised patients

Individuals in long-term care

Older
Adults

People who live with high-risk patients

Healthcare
workers

Individuals with long COVID who become reinfected

Adults with
multiple comorbidities17,18

Adults with multiple comorbidities had greater inpatient and outpatient health care resource utilization than those with one condition or who were immunocompromised*,18

Learn more about the comorbid conditions associated with severe outcomes for COVID-19

*Study conducted during the period of Omicron XBB dominance ≥40% (January 2023 to June 2023).

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Immunocompromised
patients19

COVID‑19 hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality were ~6‑fold higher for broadly defined IC group and ~11‑fold higher for stringently defined IC group versus the unexposed*,19

Learn more about how immunocompromised patients are at increased risk for severe outcomes

*Data from English patients collected in studies found between March 2020 and
March 2022. A broad IC definition included all conditions/treatments generally considered immunocompromising; and a stringent definition was based on criteria aligned with U.K. pandemic guidelines.

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IC, immunocompromised; ICU, intensive care unit; U.K., United Kingdom.

Individuals in
long-term care20,21

In the U.S., COVID-19 surge patterns in LTCF residents mirrored the general population, and were associated with increased hospitalizations and mortality*,20

Explore the current COVID-19 cases and hospitalization rates in LTCF here

*Analysis included data from 43 U.S.-based studies published after January 1, 2022 during Omicron predominance.

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; LTCF, long-term care facility; U.S., United States.

Older adults17,22

88% of in-hospital deaths during COVID-19‒associated hospitalizations occurred in U.S. adults aged ≥65 years*,22

*Data was collected between January and August 2023.

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; U.S., United States.

People who live with
high-risk patients14,15

Households are a major site for SARS-CoV-2 transmission, with up to 47% secondary attack rates in the U.S. during the Omicron era*,14,15

*Baker JM, et al study was conducted between November 2021 and February 2022 in the U.S.14 Madewell ZJ, et al is a systematic literature review of 135 articles published between June 2021 and March 2022.15

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; U.S., United States.

Healthcare workers23

The attack rates of the Omicron variant among healthcare workers in one study ranged between 16% (BA.4/5) and 37% (BA.1/2)*,23

*This study was conducted in the U.K. between October 2020 and August 2022.

COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; U.K., United Kingdom.

Individuals with long COVID
who become reinfected24

Individuals with long COVID may experience higher reinfection rates and worsening symptoms post-Omicron than those without long COVID*,24

*Data was collected in Wuhan, China between January 2022 and April 2023.

COVID, coronavirus disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019.

Early intervention after exposure may help reduce incidence of COVID-191,2

The Omicron variant is highly transmissible,14–16 and exposure can happen in various places,25–28 starting with home14

Choose a location to explore viral spread

Long-term
care facilities

Workplaces

Cruise ships

Hospitals

Social gatherings

Correctional
Institutions

Schools and dormitories

Airport and airplanes

Households settings

Shared spaces mean shared risk:33,34
Even asymptomatic patients may spread infection35 and early intervention after exposure may help protect our communities1,2

For those who have been exposed to someone infected with COVID-19, early intervention after exposure may help to reduce

Risk of developing COVID-191,2

Viral load1,2

Duration of symptoms1

Risk of long COVID by preventing acute infection1,3,4

Abbreviations: COVID, coronavirus disease; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IC, immunocompromised; ICU, intensive care unit; LTCF, long-term care facility; MSL, medical science liaison; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; U.K., United Kingdom; U.S., United States.

References: 1. O'Brien MP, et al. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(13):1184-1195; 2. Cohen MS, et al. JAMA. 2021;326(1):46–55; 3. Al-Aly Z, et al. Nat Med. 2024;30(8):2148–2164; 4. Al-Aly Z, et al. Science. 2024;383(6685):830–832; 5. Kubota T, et al. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2021;200:106349; 6. Sakibuzzaman M, et al. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29297; 7. Conway SE, et al. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2022;63:103946; 8. Kwok WC, et al. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):13881; 9. Kwok WC, et al. Respirology. 2024;29(3):209-216; 10. Peng Y-L, et al. Cancers (Basel). 2024;16(2):304; 11. Kwok WC, et al. Respir Res. 2023;24(1):53; 12. Di Iorio M, et al. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2022;55:152025; 13. Marsters CM, et al. Brain. 2024;147(7):2542-2551; 14. Baker JM, et al. PLoS One. 2025;20(1):e0313680; 15. Madewell ZJ, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2022;5(4):e229317; 16. Sumsuzzman DM, et al. BMC Infect Dis. 2025;25:215; 17. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/covid/hcp/clinical-care/underlying-conditions.html. Accessed December 24, 2025; 18. Ernst F, et al. Poster presented at the European Respiratory Society Congress. September 7–11, 2024, Vienna, Austria (PA1522). 19. Evans RA, et al. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2023;35:100747; 20. Gravenstein S, et al. Poster Presented at American Society of Consultant Pharmacists Annual Meeting & Exhibition. October 23-26, 2025. San Diego, CA; 21. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/ltc/ltc-report-overview.html. Accessed December 24, 2025; 22. Taylor CA, et al. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2023;72(40):1089–1094; 23. Monk EJM, et al. J Infect. 2025;90(2):106393; 24. Zhang H, et al. Lancet Respir Med. 2024;12(1):55–66; 25. 2025 ASCP Research & Education Poster Abstracts: Presented at the ASCP Annual Meeting & Exhibition Town and Country Resort, San Diego, California October 23-26, 2025. Sr Care Pharm. 2025 Dec 1;40(12):505-525; 26. Francis MR, et al. J Infect Dis. 2024;230(4):e824–e836; 27. Heinsohn T, et al. PLoS Med. 2022;19(12):e1003913; 28. Hatfield KM, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(8):e2329441; 29. Hayward AC, et al. Wellcome Open Res. 2020;5:54; 30. Zhao D, et al. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2024;21(6):654; 31. Rosca EC, et al. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2022;7(10):290; 32. Marquez N, et al. JAMA. 2021;326(18):1865–1867; 33. Moon J, et al. Environ Res. 2021;202:111679; 34. Peng Z, et al. Environ Sci Technol. 2022;56(2):1125–1137; 35. Johansson MA, et al. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4(1):e2035057.